A distinct body odour that emerges with ageing, often referred to as “old person smell,” is primarily due to the chemical compound 2-nonenal, according to experts. This compound originates when particular skin oils oxidise and degrade, which is a standard part of the ageing process. Contrary to popular belief, it can appear much earlier than expected.
The Science Behind Age-Related Odour
Dr Roya Javid, a dermatologist from California, explains that as we age, the composition of fatty acids in our skin’s natural oils change. Concurrently, the skin’s ability to combat daily wear decreases, leading to more exposure of these oils. This exposure causes them to break down, releasing 2-nonenal. The phenomenon mirrors how metals undergo changes when exposed to the air; it’s a biological inevitability, not linked to poor hygiene.
Differences in the intensity of 2-nonenal among individuals remain unexplained. Dr Javid suggests that factors like skin-oil composition, genetics, personal hygiene, and environmental conditions might influence the levels and persistence of 2-nonenal on the skin. However, precise reasons why some people emit a stronger scent than others are yet to be determined.
Onset and Perception of the Scent
The onset of this odour doesn’t necessarily mark a sudden change but is more of a gradual shift. According to Dr Arshad Rather, a geriatrician in London, studies indicate that the production of 2-nonenal becomes noticeable at around age 40 and gradually increases. This change in scent is not unique to older adults – every life stage has its own signature odour.
A 2012 study involving 41 young adults revealed that the odour associated with older individuals was perceived as less intense and unpleasant compared to younger groups. Dr Johan N Lundström from Karolinska Institutet in Sweden found these results surprising, as it was assumed that older people’s odour would be rated least favourably.
Managing the Age-Related Odour
While there is no sure way to prevent the formation of 2-nonenal, practical measures exist to manage its effects. Regular bathing can help cleanse some of the odours, although soap and water may not completely remove them, as the chemical is produced continuously. Keeping clothing clean and rooms aired can also mitigate the odour in living environments.
Special products claim to neutralise 2-nonenal, yet their efficacy lacks solid scientific backing. Dr Rather highlights the potential benefit of a lifestyle rich in antioxidants, which might reduce oxidative stress and, consequently, lower 2-nonenal production.
Ultimately, while it’s natural for people to develop a distinct scent as they age, it’s not necessarily negative or unpleasant. Dr Javid encourages a focus on overall skin health through antioxidants and protection from sun damage, suggesting that the stigma associated with age-related scent is often exaggerated.
Reporting based on coverage first published by theguardian.com.